5 Ways to Chart Display Your Family Tree

While tracing your ancestry back as far as possible is fun, its even better when you can present the findings in a handsome family tree chart. From hand-drawn genealogy charts to computer-generated ancestor trees, there are many different ways to chart and display your family history. Create It Yourself If you want to create something personal and your family is fairly small, consider creating your own family tree. You can draw the basic connections in a line-and-box format, or get more creative by embellishing with vines, flowers, etc. You can also display the family in an actual tree format, using the roots for descendants and leaves (or apples) for the ancestors. Cant draw a straight line? Try  a flowchart or diagramming program to create any chart you can imagine. Branch Out With Software While most genealogy software programs offer basic computer-generated family tree charts, you can get even better results by taking advantage of add-on programs. For example,  Legacy Charting Companion  expands the charting capabilities of the Legacy Family Tree program, allowing you to create and print a variety of ancestor, descendant, hourglass, fan and bowtie charts ranging in size from  8.5-by-11-inch  printouts to 9-foot displays.   Use a Chart Printing Service If you want a pretty family tree chart without having to deal with designing and printing, try one of the many Family Tree chart printing services that specialize in printing large family trees in both color and black and white. Some, such as Family Tree Illustration will custom design a chart for you, while others allow you to select from a number of different formats. Some require a family tree file in GEDCOM format, but some work from your own handwritten family tree. Perfect for family reunions and large frames, charts can usually be printed in large format. Pre-Printed Charts Make it Simple From basic pedigree charts to elaborate, rose-covered fan charts, pre-printed genealogy charts make it easy to display your family tree in style. A number of simpler family tree charts are available for free download online.  Other, more elaborate family tree charts are available for purchase from various vendors. Designer Family Trees If youre looking for something a little fancier, innumerable calligraphers and artists can render your family tree on vellum or parchment with hand-drawn letters and elaborate designs. For example, Marie Lynskey charges anywhere from $150 for a simple four-generation family tree lettered on parchment to more than $1500 for an illustrated family tree with numerous generations displayed on vellum. Park City, Utah-based artist Saundra Diehl turns dull family tree charts into a work of art, using watercolor and pen and ink to create a custom watercolor painting of your family tree on aged parchment.

Nike Ad Campaign Analysis - 1272 Words

Nike Advertisement Analysis Advertisements have been used for years to sell products. As long as there have been consumers there have been ads, although in many different media. Different companies or groups release ads to promote a certain product, idea, or brand. Nike is no exception. Nike has been a leading brand in sports for 46 years. They are most known for their athletic shoes, but Nike manufactures all sorts of athletic apparel as well as equipment. Nike publishes many printed advertisements every day. Their ad campaign has been an iconic one, using repetition, a textbook marketing strategy, to create recognition of the brand. Nike ads are very commonly featured with the same basic elements in all of the printed†¦show more content†¦The ad shows a picture of these shoes, and only the words â€Å" The Six.† These two types of graphics elements are some of the key elements that help consumers recognize the Nike brand. Another common theme of the Nike ad vertisement campaign is their logo, the swoosh. Logos, also called logotypes, are a graphic representation or symbol of a company name, trademark or abbreviation, often uniquely designed for ready recognition (Dictionary.com). Nike uses the swoosh to help consumers associate things like hard work, commitment, and tenacity with their brand (Center for Applied Research). The swoosh can be used just like a signature. This logo appears on products themselves, as well as the advertisements for those products. This way consumers know that a swoosh, and everything it is shown with, means Nike. Every shoe Nike makes and every ad they publish displays a swoosh prominently for everyone to see. It is this consistency that makes the swoosh effective. If the swoosh were only present some of the time it would not be as synonymous with Nike as it is today. Slogans are a key element in brand identity. A slogan is a phrase that a company uses for consumers to easily associate something wi th that particular brand (Dictionary.com). Nike uses the slogan â€Å"Just Do It† to link advertisements and ideas to their company. This slogan is found onShow MoreRelatedNike Brand Analysis1569 Words   |  7 PagesBrand Analysis Assignment Nike 1. What is the positioning strategy of the brand  ¡V that is, how is it different from other brands in the market? How is it communicated through promotional materials? Nike is a brand that usually signs top athletes of every sport from across the world to lucrative deals so that the athletes can wear and represent Nike to its fullest. Nike, unlike its competitors, wants to be seen more as a symbol of strength, dedication, hard work, sweat, perseverance and the desireRead MoreNike’s â€Å"My body† Campaign Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagespictures of Nike’s â€Å"My body† campaign in 1995 looks into what a real women is through intertextual and picture analysis to get a look into the womans deep emotions about body image and make that beautiful, confident, and high esteemed Nike woman a desirable woman to be. I will be focusing on the images below from the Nike campaign along with the assumption that high fashion images of women are recognized as beautiful and therefore an ideal for other women to show that Nike is not portraying a realRead MoreNike : The World s Leading Supplier Of Athletic Shoes1625 Words   |  7 Pag esNike is the world’s leading supplier of athletic shoes and merchandise. Within the United States alone Nike has exceeded $3.7 billion in total sales, and they make up more than 47% of the U.S. athletic sneaker market. Nike has been supplying the world with the top athletic sneakers and apparel since 1978. Originally founded as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight in 1962, the brand didn’t see increases in success until they rebranded in the late 1970’s. In 2015 Nike announced thatRead Moreâ€Å"the 2006 World Cup : Mobile Marketing at Adidas†756 Words   |  4 Pagescompetitor Nike over market share in the field of football footwear and accessories. In the war over market share Adidas acquired Reebok the prominent company in basketball footwear to further gain a share in the U.S. Nike has also gained a lot of grounds in the field of football footwear by it’s aggressive marketing and sponsoring strategy that included the Brazilian national team and other prominent football clubs like Manchester United among many others. Nike strategy paid off and in 2003 Nike edgedRead MoreNike and the World Cup 20101320 Words   |  6 PagesSalma Dahbi MKT 5305 December 2nd, 2015 Nike Football: World Cup 2010 South Africa Nike is considered one of the most successful companies worldwide. It is well known for being the greatest producer and provider of sport gear, shoes, equipment, and different services. As most countries are now taking part in all different kinds of sport disciplines, we can undoubtedly say that in nowadays’ business world, the sport industry is deemed as one that is worth billion of dollars. Besides, it isRead MoreDescription of the Whole Nike T90 Laser III Advertisement Essay803 Words   |  4 Pagesgame? A perfect pair of soccer shoe for his game. Shoes that give them full control over the ball with a perfect accuracy that help him to soccer a goal. In my opinion, Nike did an excellent job in making their advertisement about their new T90 III laser soccer shoe. The main theme of the Nike – T90 III shoes in the advertisement, â€Å"Nike – Hit the Target,† is no matter how good you play or how famous you are in the soccer world. You still need a pair of shoe that will help in gaining control over theRead MoreNike s Competitiveness And External Environment1488 Words   |  6 PagesNike’s Competitiveness and External Environment The PESTAL analysis will help determine Nike’s current issues regarding their macro-environmental factors. The PESTEL analysis covers six areas of interest. The political factors for Nike are the possibility of tariffs being imposed by the United States federal government in their overseas operations. According to the world manufacturing map, Nike has factories in 42 countries (Nike, Inc, 2017). Therefore, tariffs, sanctions, or embargos that couldRead MoreNike Swot Analysis1193 Words   |  5 PagesNike.inc SWOT analysis Strengths: y y y y y y y y y y y y y Nike is a globally recognized for being the number one sportswear brand in the World. Nike being a competitive organization has a healthy aver sion towards its competitors i.e. during Atlanta Olympics, Reebok expensed on sponsoring the games; Nike however sponsored the top athletes and due to this step, it gained valuable coverage. Nike has no factories; rather it uses contract factories to get theRead MoreThe Impact Of Advertising On People s Engagement With Social Issues Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pageshe causally relates to the greater influence of the image versus the written word on human decision-making. As an example, he cites George H. W. Bush’s 1988 Presidential victory which, he argues, was very much related to the superior advertising campaign that he ran. The image’s ability in manipulating decisions, he argues, is â€Å"clearly different to the grammar of verbal or written language.† So much so that he proposes a variety of methods to strengthen the mind against the manipulative of the imageRead MoreAdvertising Strategy of Adidas: a Comparative Study 23900 Words   |  16 Pages70s and forward, during the Adidas recession, was that Adidas was unable to ship products when it was needed, and they had a long supply chain - it took 18 months to get a new shoe into the market. 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS Adidas AG  (pronounced [AH-dee-dahs]; often in English, FWB: ADS) is a German sports apparel manufacturer and part of the Adidas Group, which consists of Reebok sports wear company, Taylor Made-adidas golf company, and Rockport. Besides sports footwear, the company also produces

The Discussion Of Teaching Sex Education - 1558 Words

The discussion of teaching sex education in classrooms were brought up as early as 1912. Movies that are used in sex education can alter the way teens think of sex. The films used in sex education portrays the different relationships that are created. The history of sex education in North America is a history of prohibition and has been concerned with limiting the scope of sexuality its ideas, affects, movements and practices. In sex education schools create a space in which students and teachers can potentially think together about the pleasures and risks of sexuality. However, in school-based sex education for youth, especially though but not only in North America, when it comes to talking about sex thoughts of teenage pregnancy, AIDS,†¦show more content†¦All of these subjects can be learned about using sex educational movies. Showing just a rated R sex movie is not educational and will not explain the risk and dangers as opposed to an educational film. The students proba bly know that there is a significant amount of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) that they can catch while engaging in sexual activities. The movies can help break down the reasons for catching the disease, what to do to prevent catching the disease, and how to treat their selves if they in fact do catch an STD. This will inform students that there is more to what they think they already know. Thinking is something other than compliance it is an engagement with uncertainty and doubt and as I explore in this study, it is entangled in the affective histories of sexuality that inspire the capacity to think while also unsettling the wish for understanding. Most parents have the â€Å"Birds and Bees† talk with their children but they are doing the same as a teacher giving the child a lecture. If the parents were to show their child a video about sex it would be more interesting to the child and actually have an effect on the child’s mind and thinking process. According to the article â€Å"Sex and the Cinema: what American Pie teaches the young† Researchers have found virtually no evidence that sex education causes students to change their behavior in one direction or

Pro-Slavery Argument Free Essays

Pro-slavery The main issue in America politics during the years of the late 1840’s to the late 1870’s was slavery. Southerners wanted to keep the tradition of slave labor alive, and were Justifying slavery in any way possible; issue of slavery was a continuing debate in the 1800’s. James Henry Hammond, John C. We will write a custom essay sample on Pro-Slavery Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now Calhoun, and William Joseph Harper were some of the men most famous for propagating the pro-slavery argument. Slavery was the economic foundation in the southern states during the 1800’s. The efenders of slavery in the south had several arguments that they used to rationalize slavery. One argument was that ending slavery would destroy the economy in the south. Another pro-slavery argument was that slavery was a natural state of mankind since it has existed throughout history. The southern states to this day are the agricultural surplus for all of the United States crop production. For centuries, slaves were the most efficient and cheapest way to produce and harvest crops. The economic and political advantages of slaves are what ultimately allowed southern itizens to survive. During the late 1830s through early 1860s, the pro-slavery argument was at its strongest (â€Å"The Proslavery Argument†). After the Civil War, freed slaves often returned back to plantations in search of money, because they did not have the resources to continue. If slavery was not abolished they would remain as property of the owner and would not have starved or been forced to work in low paying Jobs. Even though they did not have the best living and working conditions, they at least were given enough to survive. While I agree slavery is an ill moral, the concept of slavery is an economic plus. Furthermore in 1837, John C. Calhoun gave a speech promoting the â€Å"positive good† outcomes of slavery while also declaring slavery was â€Å"instead of an evil, a good – a positive good† (â€Å"The Pro-slavery Argument†). Today, top nations exploit third world countries resources and economic stability due to the fact they are unable function without exporting. Countries such as China, Taiwan, Thailand, and most countries in Africa, exploit children and women to roduce factory goods for little or no money. With that process occurring, China is expanding and will possibly become one of the next top super nations. Chinas explorations of its citizens allowed the countries expansions, which will ultimately develop the country Just like the United States. While Africa’s resources, such as precious metals, are being metaphorically robbed by other nations. Countries will buy their resources for almost nothing, while they are being produced by low paying workers. Although the top nations have abolished slavery, they still manipulate the countries that use slavery. This process allows countries to outsource their money in return of large profits. â€Å"Southern pro-slavery theorists asserted that slavery eliminated this problem by elevating all free people to the status of â€Å"citizen†, and removing the landless poor (the â€Å"mudsill†) from the political process entirely by means of enslavement† (â€Å"The Pro-slavery Argument†). Works Cited â€Å"The Pro-slavery Argument Boundless. Boundless. O How to cite Pro-Slavery Argument, Papers

Ben Franklin Mythmaker free essay sample

He establishes myths in his Autobiography that represent American society. Although Franklin believes that he can spin the truth to achieve his goals to be more respected by society, he feels stronger about the idea that determination will lead to success and the admiration of the public. By over exaggerating stories from his childhood and adulthood, Franklin gains respect from society by achieving his dreams. He uses his Autobiography as a tool to retell stories from his childhood to make readers perceive him as a brilliant kid well beyond his years. According to Franklin, as a child e makes a proposal to build a wharf there fit for us to stand upon, and I showed my comrades a large heap of stones When the workmen were gone, I assembled a number of my play-fellows, and working them diligently Like so many ants, sometimes two or three to a stone, we brought them all away and built our little wharf (Franklin Reading 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Ben Franklin: Mythmaker or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This story from Franklins past seems to be exaggerated, because as a young boy, he implausibly refers to his friends as comrades, as if he is at battle, and treats them as if he is a higher power.This power over his friends displays to Franklins audience that he has leadership qualities even as a child, which makes them look up to him more as a role model. Franklin also feels that he needs to embellish his accomplishments because he cares about how people perceive him. In portraits painted of Franklin throughout his life, he tends to boast about his wealth when it is necessary. He hires people to paint portraits of him, and displays himself as a wealthy and successful man with expensive suits that depicts an image of prosperity.However, In circumstances where he must appear more modest, he adapts very well. By doing this, he demonstrates that he Is Influential and he can trick people Into beveling whatever he wants them to. Franklin Is deceiving, however he manages to influence society based upon the merits of his actual achievements and hard work. It is this belief that is more meaningful to Franklin, which is that determination will lead to success. Franklin feels that working hard to be successful is paramount to him, because he starts his life as an entrepreneur, and works his way up in society. Ben Franklin grows up in a poor family and has to distinguish himself from his siblings. Franklin is the youngest son of the youngest son for five generations back (Franklin Reading 1). His father has two wives, and 17 children in total, which make it difficult for Franklin to find his passion. When he is about 15 years old, he writes an anonymous letter and delivers It to his brothers printing shop to verify his writing skills and to display his talents. In the letter, signed under the pen name of Silence Dogwood, Franklin confirms that he Is a self-made man who does not need college to become successful.HIS parents cannot afford college for him, cause of his large family, so he writes this letter in an angry tone to publicize the his determination has led to success, even though he did not attend college. People can relate to him not being able to afford school and it initiates his progression from rags to riches. Ben Franklin proves his idea that determination will lead to success through his desire to influence American society. Franklin building a library demonstrates how he wants to be remembered as creating an institution that others would look up to him for. The main topics from his club, JUNTA, are from books, soFranklin suggests it would be convenient to store the books together so everyone can use them. Franklin then expands this into a public project, and claims these libraries have improved the general conversation of th e Americans, [and] made the common tradesmen and farmers as intelligent as most gentlemen from other countries. .. (Franklin Reading 3). Franklin obviously believes that his library has not only improved America, but it has made America better than other countries, specifically Europe, and that his ideas outshine his European counterparts, signifying is influence and success.On the very first page of his Autobiography, Franklin immediately introduces his drive to influence others around him. Franklin writes that having emerged from the poverty and obscurity in which I was born and bred, to a state of affluence and some degree of reputation in the world, and having gone so far through life with a considerable share of felicity.. . My posterity may like to know, as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations, and therefore fit to be imitated (Franklin Reading 1).Here, he admits that he has created a reputation for myself, and encourages his future generations to follow in his footsteps. While Franklin learns how to manipulate people to garner praise, he cares more about working hard and achieving greatness. He builds institutions that improve the lives of Americans, shares his intellectual ideas, and establishes him as one of the great success stories by starting his life as a poor boy, and slowly becoming one of the wealthiest men in Philadelphia. However, his values differ from other people during this time.In Some Versus Upon the Burning of the House, Anne Broadsheet remarks n her home being burnt to the ground. Her values diverge from Franklins, because while he believes in materialistic success, Broadsheet believes in spiritual success. She relies on religion and emotions and values, while Franklin relies on money, attention, and personal achievement. Broadsheet reflects the age of the Enlightenment, which was occurring at this time. Benjamin Franklin created myths that represented American culture and valued success over all else, while the rest of the country was relying on religion and faith to guide them through life.

The Real Winner free essay sample

Last year, my sister decided to take a season off from sports. It lasted about three days and then she announced that she wanted to participate in Unified Track. She’s a runner and has enjoyed some degree of success in cross country and basketball. I waited for her to get the paperwork to participate and decided to grab a packet myself. I thought that I would be responsible for driving her home from school; so maybe, I should see what this was all about. I filled out the paperwork and turned it in with hers wondering what we could possibly do in Unified Sports. It turns out that Unified Sports are a way to pair special education students with general education students. I couldn’t remember the last time I had a special needs student in one of my classes and I really wasn’t sure what to expect. There were students with obvious physical disabilities and others with cognitive disabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Real Winner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Would I be able to communicate and partner with a student with autism? Each week, we would have practice one or two times. I got to know some of the athletes and I strengthened my friendships with others. We worked together, participated side by side, accompanied students who were not supposed to travel alone. I ran around some, laughed a lot, an ended up on the team to compete at both the county and the state tournaments. At the county championship, one teammate in a wheelchair was determined to run in the 400 m individual event. As I watched him round the last bend, I was overjoyed for him as he beamed confidence and accomplishment. The next week at the state competition, I was in a race with a teammate with autism. As we came down the last stretch I was about to pass him. He was a good runner, but after weeks of exercising, I had gained some speed. And then it hit me, cheer him on, celebrate his success. He crossed the finish line a step or two in front of me, but, I knew I was the winner. I would never have imagined that I would have been filled with such joy and such pride. I would have never imagined that following my sister to an extracurricular activity would make me feel so good about helping others. I would have never imagined after being on plenty of basketball teams that being part of a team of special Olympians was a greater experience. Little did I know that a moment of getting some per mission slips would change who I am today.

Definition and Examples of Lists in Composition

Definition and Examples of Lists in Composition Definition In composition, a list is a  series of particular images, details, or facts.  Also called a  series, a catalog, an inventory, and (in  classical rhetoric)  enumeratio. Lists are often used in works of fiction and creative nonfiction (including essays) to evoke a sense of place or character. Lists are commonly used in business writing and technical writing to convey factual information succinctly.   The items in a list are usually arranged in parallel form and separated by commas (or semicolons if the items themselves contain commas). In business writing and technical writing, lists are commonly arranged vertically, with each item preceded by a number or a bullet. Lists may also be used as a discovery or prewriting strategy. (See listing.) See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Writing With Descriptive ListsAccumulationAsyndeton and PolysyndetonCongeriesCoordinate Adjectives and Cumulative AdjectivesCrotEnumeratioFocusingListicleOutlineRhythmSpacingSerial CommaSynathroesmusSystropheTetracolon Climax  and  TricolonWilliam H. Gass on Writing With Lists Lists in Paragraphs and Essays Edward Abbeys List of Examples in The Great American DesertIan Fraziers List of Reasons in Great PlainsLists in Bill Brysons Neither Here Nor ThereLists in William Least Heat-Moons Place DescriptionStreet Yarn by Walt WhitmanWhen I Come to Be Old by Jonathan Swift Examples and Observations A rat can creep out late at night and have a feast. In the horse barn you will find oats that the trotters and pacers have spilled. In the trampled grass of the infield you will find old discarded lunch boxes containing the foul remains of peanut butter sandwiches, hard-boiled eggs, cracker crumbs, bits of doughnuts, and particles of cheese. In the hard-packed dirt of the midway, after the glaring lights are out and the people have gone home to bed, you will find a veritable treasure of popcorn fragments, frozen custard dribblings, candied apples abandoned by tired children, sugar fluff crystals, salted almonds, popsicles, partially gnawed ice cream cones, and the wooden sticks of lollypops. Everywhere is loot for a rat- in tents, in booths, in hay lofts- why, a fair has enough disgusting leftover food to satisfy a whole army of rats.(E.B. White, Charlottes Web. Harper Brothers, 1952)There were too many bells at  Castrevenford altogether. There were the clock chimes, which sounded the hours, halves and quarters with peevish insistence; the bells in the Science Building; the electric bell which marked the beginning and end of each lesson; the hand bells in the Houses; the chapel bell, which had obviously suffered some radical mishap during its casting.(Edmund Crispin [Bruce Montgomery],  Love Lies Bleeding, 1948) Her speech was an endlessly interesting, swerving path of old punch lines, heartfelt cris de coeur, puns new and old, dramatic true confessions, challenges, witty one-liners, wee Scotticisms, tag lines from Frank Sinatra songs, obsolete mountain nouns, and moral exhortations.(Annie Dillard, An American Childhood. Harper Row, 1987)What a jovial and a merry world would this be, may it please your worships, but for that inextricable labyrinth of debts, cares, woes, want, grief, discontent, melancholy, large jointures, impositions and lies!(Laurence Sterne, Tristram Shandy, 1759-1767)The modern technocracies of the West have their roots in the medieval European world, from which there emerged three great inventions: the mechanical clock, which provided a new conception of time; the printing press with movable type, which attacked the epistemology of the oral tradition; and the telescope, which attacked the fundamental propositions of Judeo-Christian theology. Each of these was significa nt in creating a new relationship between tools and culture.(Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. Alfred A. Knopf, 1992) One sometimes gets the impression that the mere words Socialism and Communism draw towards them with magnetic force every fruit-juice drinker, nudist, sandal-wearer, sex-maniac, Quaker, Nature Cure quack, pacifist and feminist in England.(George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier, 1937)Bare lists of words are found suggestive to an imaginative and excited mind.(Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Poet, 1844)My own inclination is to think of [lists] as a rhetorical figure- like hyperbole, say, or zeugma- as essentially humble figure that can be extended indefinitely and still flavour what it is applied to.(Francis Spufford, The Chatto Book of Cabbages and Kings: Lists in Literature. Chatto Windus, 1989)A List of Tom Sawyers TreasuresThere was no lack of material; boys happened along every little while; they came to jeer, but remained to whitewash. . . . And when the middle of the afternoon came, from being a poor poverty-stricken boy in the morning, Tom was literally rolling in wealth. He had besid es the things before mentioned, twelve marbles, part of a jews-harp, a piece of blue bottle-glass to look through, a spool cannon, a key that wouldnt unlock anything, a fragment of chalk, a glass stopper of a decanter, a tin soldier, a couple of tadpoles, six fire-crackers, a kitten with only one eye, a brass door-knob, a dog-collar- but no dog- the handle of a knife, four pieces of orange-peel, and a dilapidated old window sash.He had had a nice, good, idle time all the while- plenty of company- and the fence had three coats of whitewash on it! If he hadn’t run out of whitewash he would have bankrupted every boy in the village.(Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 1876) The Contents of Mildreds CupboardsWhen she opened the cupboards, an ache slid down her forehead into her nasal passage and throbbed on the roof of each nostril. It continued like an arrow into her skull, and skated up and down her neck until it had no place else to go. Mildred gave her head a good shake. Bags of black-eyed peas, pinto beans, butter beans, lima beans, and a big bag of rice stared her in the face. She opened another cabinet and there sat half a jar of peanut butter, a can of sweet peas and carrots, one can of creamed corn, and two cans of pork-n-beans. There was nothing in the refrigerator except a few crinkly apples shed gotten from the apple man two weeks ago, a stick of margarine, four eggs, a quart of milk, a box of lard, a can of Pet milk, and a two-inch piece of salt pork.(Terry McMillan, Mama. Houghton Mifflin, 1987)The List as a Graphic Device- Keep in mind that graphic devices should be used carefully and with moderation, not just for decoration or to dress up a letter or report. Used properly, they can help you toorganize, arrange, and emphasize your ideasmake your work easier to read and recallpreview and summarize your ideas, for example, headingslist related items to help readers distinguish, follow, compare, and recall themas this bulleted list does(Philip C. Kolin, Successful Writing at Work, 8th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 2007)- The most important effect of any list is to create white space on the page, making for a relaxed visual environment in which information can be scanned and understood.(Roy Peter Clark, How to Write Short. Little, Brown and Company, 2013) The Appeal of Online ListsWe share what we’re thinking about- and we think about the things we can remember. This facet of sharing helps explain the appeal of list-type stories . . ., as well as stories that stick in your mind because they are bizarre. Lists also get shared because of another feature that [marketing professor Jonah] Berger often finds successful: the promise of practical value. We see top-ten lists on Buzzfeed and the like all the time, he notes. It allows people to feel like there’s a nice packet of useful information that they can share with others. We want to feel smart and for others to perceive us as smart and helpful, so we craft our online image accordingly.(Maria Konnikova, The Six Things That Make Stories Go Viral Will Amaze, and Maybe Infuriate, You. The New Yorker, January 21, 2014)The Functions of Lists- Lists . . . may compile a history, gather evidence, order and organize phenomena, present an agenda of apparent formlessness, and express a multiplicity of voices and experiences. . . .Each unit in a list possesses an individual significance but also a specific meaning by virtue of its membership with the other units in the compilation (though this is not to say that the units are always equally significant). Writers find a wide range of application for lists because of this capability, and subsequently critics offer a variety of readings.(Robert E. Belknap, The List: The Uses and Pleasures of Cataloguing. Yale University  Press, 2004)- [E]ssayists have been using the list as a way to structure thought for a long time. (Sontag’s Notes on Camp, to point to a famous example, takes the form of a list of fifty-eight numbered fragments.) But the list is a way of writing that anticipates, and addresses itself to, a certain capriciousness in the reader. By not only allowing partial and fleeting engagement but by actively encouraging it, the list becomes the form which accommodates itself most smoothly to the way a lo t of us read now, a lot of the time. It’s the house style of a distracted culture.(Marc OConnell, 10 Paragraphs About Lists You Need in Your Life Right Now. The New Yorker, August 29, 2013) Dorothy Sayers on the Advertisers ListsThe very work that engaged him- or rather, the shadow simulacrum of himself that signed itself on every morning- wafted him into a sphere of dim platonic archetypes, bearing a scarcely recognizable relationship to anything in the living world. Here those strange entities, the Thrifty Housewife, the Man of Discrimination, the Keen Buyer and the Good Judge, for ever young, for ever handsome, for ever virtuous, economical and inquisitive, moved to and fro upon their complicated orbits, comparing prices and values, making tests of purity, asking indiscreet questions about each others ailments, household expenses, bed-springs, shaving cream, diet, laundry work and boots, perpetually spending to save and saving to spend, cutting out coupons and collecting cartons, surprising husbands with margarine and wives with patent washers and vacuum-cleaners, occupied from morning to night in washing, cooking, dusting, filing, saving their children from germs, t heir complexions from wind and weather, their teeth from decay and their stomachs from indigestion, and yet adding so many hours to the day by labour-saving appliances  that they had always leisure for visiting the talkies, sprawling on the beach to picnic upon Potted Meats and Tinned Fruit, and (when adorned by So-and-sos Silks, Blanks Gloves, Dashs Footwear, Whatnots Weatherproof Complexion Cream and Thingummys Beautifying Shampoos), even attending Renalagh, Cowes, the Grand Stand at Ascot, Monte Carlo and the Queens Drawing-Rooms.(Dorothy L. Sayers, Murder Must Advertise, 1933) Tom Wolfes List: Subway Station at 50th Street and Broadway (circa 1965)All round them, tens, scores, it seems like hundreds, of faces and bodies are perspiring, trooping and bellying up the stairs with arteriosclerotic grimaces past a showcase full of such novelty items as Joy Buzzers, Squirting Nickels, Finger Rats, Scary Tarantulas and spoons with realistic dead flies on them, past Freds barbershop, which is just off the landing and has glossy photographs of young men with the kind of baroque haircuts one can get in there, and up onto 50th Street into a madhouse of traffic and shops with weird lingerie and gray hair-dyeing displays in the windows, signs for free teacup readings and a pool-playing match between the Playboy Bunnies and Downeys Showgirls, and then everybody pounds on toward the Time-Life Building, the Brill Building or NBC.(Tom Wolfe, A Sunday Kind of Love. The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1965)Two Lists in Tender Is the Nigh tWith Nicole’s help Rosemary bought two dresses and two hats and four pairs of shoes with her money. Nicole bought from a great list that ran two pages, and bought the things in the windows besides. Everything she liked that she couldn’t possibly use herself, she bought as a present for a friend. She bought colored beads, folding beach cushions, artificial flowers, honey, a guest bed, bags, scarfs, love birds, miniatures for a doll’s house and three yards of some new cloth the color of prawns. She bought a dozen bathing suits, a rubber alligator, a traveling chess set of gold and ivory, big linen handkerchiefs for Abe, two chamois leather jackets of kingfisher blue and burning bush from Hermesbought all these things not a bit like a high-class courtesan buying underwear and jewels, which were after all professional equipment and insurancebut with an entirely different point of view. Nicole was the product of much ingenuity and toil. For her sake trains began the ir run at Chicago and traversed the round belly of the continent to California; chicle factories fumed and link belts grew link by link in factories; men mixed toothpaste in vats and drew mouthwash out of copper hogsheads; girls canned tomatoes quickly in August or worked rudely at the Five-and-Tens on Christmas Eve; half-breed Indians toiled on Brazilian coffee plantations and dreamers were muscled out of patent rights in new tractorsthese were some of the people who gave a tithe to Nicole, and as the whole system swayed and thundered onward it lent a feverish bloom to such processes of hers as wholesale buying, like the flush of a fireman’s face holding his post before a spreading blaze. She illustrated very simple principles, containing in herself her own doom, but illustrated them so accurately that there was grace in the procedure, and presently Rosemary would try to imitate it.(F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tender Is the Night, 1934) Clarks List at the Museum of Civilization: The Snow GlobeConsider the snow globe. Consider the mind that invented those miniature storms, the factory worker who turned sheets of plastic into white flakes of snow, the hand that drew the plan for the miniature Severn City with its church steeple and city hall, the assembly-line worker who watched the globe glide past on a conveyer belt somewhere in China. Consider the white gloves on the hands of the woman who inserted the snow globes into boxes, to be packed into larger boxes, crates, shipping containers. Consider the card games played belowdecks in the evenings on the ship carrying the containers across the ocean, a hand stubbing out a cigarette in an overflowing ashtray, a haze of blue smoke in dim light, the cadences of a half dozen languages united by common profanities, the sailors’ dreams of land and women, these men for whom the ocean was a gray-line horizon to be traversed in ships the size of overturned skyscrapers. Co nsider the signature on the shipping manifest when the ship reached port, a signature unlike any other on earth, the coffee cup in the hand of the driver delivering boxes to the distribution center, the secret hopes of the UPS man carrying boxes of snow globes from there to the Severn City Airport. Clark shook the globe and held it up to the light. When he looked through it, the planes were warped and caught in whirling snow.(Emily St. John Mandel, Station Eleven. Alfred A. Knopf, 2014)